Skin structure: Functions and structure of the skin layers explained

The skin consists of three tightly connected layers. It forms a natural protective barrier against harmful environmental influences and pathogens. It is also essential for sensory perception – for example, of temperature, touch, and pain. And last but not least, the skin shapes our outward appearance. True beauty and a natural radiance are therefore always also a matter of healthy skin.

The following illustration shows a cross-section of the skin with its main layers:
The epidermis (outer layer of skin) lies on top, below it is the basal lamina as a separating layer to the deeper dermis (middle layer of skin) .

Abbildung mit Struktur einer Haut Abbildung mit Struktur einer Haut
BEAUTIFUL SKIN FROM WITHIN

Skin structure and the central role of the dermis

The dermis forms the structural framework of the skin. It consists largely of a dense network of collagen fibers , which are responsible for firmness and elasticity. Between the collagen and elastin fibers lie fibroblasts – specialized cells that produce collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid . Hyaluronic acid acts as a moisture reservoir by binding water in the extracellular matrix, thus supporting the skin's volume and suppleness.

More about skin types
  • epidermis

    The epidermis is the outermost layer.

    It is itself formed from several interlocking layers that renew themselves regularly. On average, this process takes about 28 days, somewhat longer in older people.

  • Dermis

    The middle layer is the dermis.

    This connective tissue determines the skin's tensile strength; it's also where those unwanted wrinkles form. The dermis consists of a fibrous network, primarily composed of collagen. Besides its supporting function, it is responsible for thermoregulation, scar formation, and the breakdown of waste products.

  • Subcutis

    The lowest layer is the highly elastic subcutaneous tissue.

    It consists primarily of loose connective tissue and is attached to the underlying bones and muscles. Hair follicles are anchored in the subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, it contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, scent glands, nerves, and larger lymph and blood vessels. The entire tissue is supplied with blood vessels and nutrients via the subcutaneous tissue.

  • Basal lamina

    Between the epidermis and dermis lies a natural protective barrier.

    Creams and serums applied to the skin's surface cannot penetrate this layer. Therefore, the ingredients do not reach the deeper layers of the skin. To counteract the root cause of skin aging, essential nutrients must be absorbed from within. This paradigm shift is the key to sustainable skincare.